cal pulls up a simple calendar for the month cal 2003 pulls up all calenders for 2003 cal 2003 8 pulls up calender for august 2003 ls see directory's contents ls -l filename see file's permissions ls -al see all permissions within main directory ls -ld see permissions for parent directory cd directory change to another directory cd .. go up one directory pwd display current directory df -h view status of disk usage mkdir directory create a directory mv file1 file2 rename a file cp (scp) file1 file2 copy a file (over the internet) rm file remove a file less file view a file ftp (sftp) deposit/retrieve a file over the internet (password-encrypted) man command gives directions and options nedit text editor (aliased to n) emacs text editor eog file view a .jpeg, .gif, .png, .tif, etc., file okular file view a .pdf or .ps file soffice start up StarOffice, a Windows "simulator" acro start up AcroRead (for .pdf files) gunzip file to uncompress .gz files ssh computer connect to another computer (password-encrypted) tar cvf name.tar * copy everything into a tar file called name.tar tar -xvf name.tar extract everything from a tar file called name.tar source ~/.cshrc update initialization file .cshrc in your home directory grep xyz file search for text 'xyz' in 'file' locate file search for 'file' on hard disk Ctrl c aborts most anything