- what does the phrase "...compared to starbursting galaxies" in the abstract mean ? That whole sentence is confusing to me. The latter term (starbursting) includes things like LIRGs and ULIRGs, and the SINGS data certainly do not show a larger dispersion in IR/UV than those objects. --The UV folks love to make plots of IR/UV vs FUV/NUV; as you know, there have been lots of papers showing how starbursts follow a canonical, tight trend in such a plot. In the abstract I refer to the last figure in this paper, which shows SINGS data plus archival starburst data plus the canonical trend for archival starburst data. SINGS galaxies deviate from this trend. I've reworded this sentence a bit for clarification. - on page 3, 1st sentence, you bring up the morphology, color comparisons for the IR/UV ratio variations, which is fine, but you need to explicitly state what wavelengths you are talking about. I think the main "gain" here is that for the 1st time we can compare the ratios to the MIR morphologies. Certainly there have been other papers comparing the IR/UV to optical morphologies. --Done - later in the same paragraph you mention that the SINGS data allows us to do this over entire galaxies, but certainly this has been done before at other wavelengths (using IRAS, 2MASS, HST, etc.). It seems that you are selling this as the 1st time we can do this sort of panchromatic work on galaxies, and I would argue that is not true. What specifically is NEW from the Spitzer data (and SINGS) that provides a unique way to look at this puzzle ? I would guess it has to be the MIR spectra (which you don't use here) and the MIR imaging (which you do). --Well, it's also true that the SINGS dataset is unique in that it has complete UV-IR images for such a diverse sample. Many prior UV efforts focussed on starbursting systems, since those were more easily detected with pre-GALEX instruments. One could argue that Gil de Paz has now scooped us with the GALEX Nearby Galaxy Atlas, which can detect normal and wimpy galaxies in the UV. But that database still uses IRAS data, which doesn't provide IR fluxes for wimpy objects like SINGS swarfs. So this paper still has its niche. I have added a note that emphasizes the luminosity diversity in the SINGS sample. - toss out the 1st sentence in section 4.2, since it reads like an excuse or a discussion of things we cannot do. Just get to the point, as GXN would say. Start with "Fig.9 shows a stack..." --I removed it. - isn't always true that the spread in a distribution is often dominated by a few objects? Isn't that the definition of a normalized distribution? Those first few sentences in the 3rd paragraph of section 4.2 got my scratching my head as to what your point was. - this may reflect my own ignorance, but while the eigenvector analysis is neat, what exactly did we learn from it? What is the bottom line of section 4.3? --This section has been revamped in an attempt to be more illuminating. - the 1st sentence of section 5 says that we will learn something about the "geometry of the interstellar grains", but you probably mean the relative distribution of the grains in the ISM relative to the heating sources and not the grain geometry itself. --Fixed - I look at fig.13 as a plot of average global opacity (y-axis) vs. average global dust temperature. The galaxies scatter all over the place but, there are no galaxies with cool dust and high opacity (upper left). Why? Is this a SINGS slection effect? Probably not. So where are they? --We talked about this on a telecon. It's hard to overlay on this plot archival data that would fill in some of the missing parameter space, if this is partly a SINGS selection effect. All the prior UV studies with IR data seemed to focus on starbursts, which means they reside in the right half of the plot. I asked Eiichi about adding some of his SCUBA sources, to see if we can find cold and dusty sources. He says: "Very few SCUBA galaxies have been detected at 70+160um with high S/N. I have one MAMBO (i.e., 1.1mm-selected) galaxy at z~1.4 strongly detected at 70 and 160um, so I'll try to send you the K-corrected 70/160um flux densities within the next few days." However, I have added the GALEX Atlas of Nearby Galaxies to this figure. It shows a very similar distribution. - when you are discussing the nuclear/total 24-micron ratios things get confusing because you first talk about the nuclear/total ratio, then list in Fig.15 the ratio of resolved/unresolved flux (which is the inverse). Also, the largest symbols are the ones that are the most compact galaxies. Please always stick to one ratio (I suggest compactness as defined by nuclear/total) and then make everything refer to that - including having the smaller symbols be the most compact objects. --Based on your comment below, I think you misinterpreted my analysis of resolved-to-unresolved 24um emission. I understand your comment about plotting the symbol according to the compactness. Since the unresolved-to-resolved ratio has more diagnostic power here than the nuc-to-total, JD has convinced me to switch the approach to symbols here. Check it out. - I guess I don't know why the nuclear compactness should define the corrrelation (hotter and more opaque) for the SINGS galaxies. For ULIRGs and LIRGs I completely understand this, since the dust is shoved into the circum-nuclear regions and a SB or AGN heats it all up. THey are warm and opaque. For the SINGS galaxies however, I would think we would want to use something besides nuclear compactness since we are trying to talk about the distribution of the dust and the stars throughout the disk, and nuclear compactness only uses two global numbers. Have you looked at a more general definition of compactness, say the amount of flux throughout the disk which is unresolved vs. the amount which is resolved? That might be really telling. In many systems, this still might be dominated by the nucleus, but in others, not. This would then be a global measure of the relative amount of light at 24microns which is compact (everywhere in the disk) to that which is diffuse. It would be like running a sort of deconvolution on the MIPS data, but not to make the resolution better, but simply to quantify the amount of unresolved vs. resolved emission. I bet Eric has done this. --Good suggestion. Such an analysis is actually already present. - I think you need to be more explicit about the timescales involved in your specific star formation rate ratio. Just saying current to historically averaged is not enough. What timescales are reflected by the numerator? This is what we were talking about last week on the phone. Also, couldn't the SSFR be large in a system with a lot of cold dust (heated by the general ISRF) even if there were no UV flux ? Or one where there was a lot of diffuse dust (cold), blocking the faint UV light? Then you might infer a large SFR compared to the past average, when in fact this was not true. --Alessandro Boselli and Veronique Buat both raised the issue of using a SFR indicator that accounts for heating by the older stellar population, among other caveats. I made a comparison between their more sophisticated equation and mine, and the results were similar (and the plot looked qualitatively almost the same). I have added a blurb about applicable timescales. - in section 5.5 you use both star-forming and starburst without defining them or clearly saying what the difference is. In my mind a starburst is a galaxy experiencing prodigious, recent star-formation (perhaps triggered by and encounter) that is occurring at a rate that cannot be sustained over the lifetime of the galaxy. In other words, the rate is so high that the fuel will run out in much less than a Hubble time. In the most extreme cases, the ULIRGs, the rates suggest the SF will run through the available fuel in less than 10^9 yrs. --I have added some text for clarification (plagiarizing the above). - need to make the Discussion more specific and less broad-brush. There are a couple of findings that are not even mentioned in there (e.g. the break in fig.17). Your last statement seems obvious, and one that we could have made before Spitzer. Namely that the star formation histories controls the colors of galaxies. No kidding. Let's try and focus the end again on something that is new from the Spitzer data - say the MIR compactness or the lack of opaque systems with cold dust. --I've added some words about the lack of opaque systems with cold dust.