startx                        logon computer
passwd                        change password
emacs &                       bring up emacs window & retain terminal
sarap                         alias to ssh to arapaho
xgterm                        bring up an xg terminal
<uparrrow>                    previous command
<tab>                         complete the filename
more <filename>               prints file to screen one page at a time, also works for looking at the headers to .fit files, 'Q' brings out
cl                            starts IRAF
sky                           starts skycalc program to check source visibility
d5                            changes to the d5 directory
lpr -Pps213 <file>            prints to the printer in Danny's lab
Ctrl c                        aborts most anything
dir <dirname>                 lists files in specified directory
ccdlist <image file name>     gives a short header type list that tells what has been done with ccdproc
cal                           pulls up a simple calendar for the month
cal 2003                      pulls up all calenders for 2003
cal 2003 8                    pulls up calender for august 2003
ls                            see directory's contents
ls -l <filename>              see file's permissions
ls -al                        see all permissions within main directory
ls -ld                        see permissions for parent directory
cd <directory>                change to another directory
cd ..                         go up one directory
pwd                           display current directory
df                            view status of disk usage
mkdir <directory>             create a directory
mv <file1> <file2>            rename a file
cp (scp) <file1> <file2>      copy a file (over the internet)
rm <file>                     remove a file
less <file>                   view a file
ftp (sftp)                    deposit/retrieve a file over the internet (password-encrypted)
telnet (ssh) <computer>       connect to another computer (password-encrypted)
man <command>                 gives directions and options
nedit                         text editor (aliased to n)
ghostview <file>              view a postscript file (aliased to gv)
xv <file>                     view a postscript, .jpeg, .gif, .png, .tif, etc., file
so                            start up StarOffice, a Windows "simulator"
acro                          start up AcroRead (for .pdf files)
-r                            means everything within directory, used with other commands like mv and cp (eg cp -r <directory>)
mount /mnt/name               brings up drive, such as CD and zip
uncompress <file>             to read .z files
gunzip <file>                 to read .gz files
chmod <u>=<w> <file/directory>changes a file or directory's permissions.  u=users, g=group, o=others (goes in first brackets), r=read, w=write, x=execute 
                              (goes in second brackets).  If want to do more than one permission, type g=rwx. 





cut -c41-45 062603.targets > targets.airmass        copies info in characters columns 41-46 in file 062603.targets and puts it in file targets.airmass