Measuring deceleration using supernovae
• Plot of mv  vs. z   is really a plot of distance vs. velocity
• If faint (distant earlier) objects show slightly higher z
than expected from extrapolation based on nearby (present day) objects,
then expansion rate was faster in the past and has been decelerating
• Surprise results from 1998 indeed do suggest accelerating expansion
• May be due to “cosmological constant” proposed by Einstein
– AKA “Dark energy” or “Quintessence”
– See Science News: http://sciencenews.org/articles/20030802/fob1.asp