|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
   
    | • | Plot
    of mv  vs.
    z   is really a plot of distance vs.
    velocity 
 |  | 
   
    | • | If
    faint (distant earlier)
    objects show slightly higher z 
 |  | 
   
    |  | than
    expected from extrapolation based on nearby (present day) objects, 
 | 
   
    |  | then
    expansion rate was faster in the past and has been decelerating 
 |  | 
   
    |  | 
   
    | • | Surprise
    results from 1998 indeed do suggest accelerating expansion 
 |  | 
   
    | • | May be due to “cosmological constant” proposed by Einstein 
 |  | 
   
    |  | – | AKA “Dark energy” or “Quintessence” 
 |  | 
   
    |  | – | See Science News: http://sciencenews.org/articles/20030802/fob1.asp 
 |  |