| cD Galaxies |
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| • | M87
is a cD galaxy, technically.
Kormendy |
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| (1982)
distinguishes these from being merely |
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| giant
ellipticals. |
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| – | Extensive
stellar envelope up to 100 kpc |
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| – | Only
in regions of enhanced galaxy density (a |
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| factor
of 100 denser than the average) |
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| – | Multiple
nuclei in 25-50% of cDs (a very rare |
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| thing) |
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| • | Regular
cD clusters are systems that have |
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| relaxed
into dynamical equilibrium. |
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