8
Vertical Oscillations and Warps
•Talked about companions driving spiral structure, rings, tidal tails.
All can be relatively confined to disk plane.
•Distortions out of plane as well, e.g., “warped disks.”
Warp expected to precess, and damp out in dynamical timescales, but many disks have such warps. Dark matter halos affect this. How? Why?