Trends along Hubble Sequence
• Roberts & Haynes 1994:
– Masses from S0 to Scd roughly constant, then decrease,
and M/L roughly the same (recall these are all
primarily luminous massive galaxies – why?)
– H I not significant in ellipticals (< 1 in 10000), but is in
spirals (0.01 to 0.15 from Sa to Sm)
– Total surface density decreases, H I surface density
increases
– Ellipticals are red, spirals are blue…
– H II regions frequency increases monotonically along
the sequence (Kennicutt et al. 1989)
• Star formation rates appear key to these relations