Reverberation Mapping (RM)
•Broad lines are photoionized by the central continuum, which varies.  The line flux follows the continuum with a time lag t which is set by the size of the broad-line emitting region and the speed of light.  Recombination timescales are very short, BLR stable, and continuum source small and central.
Kaspi et al. (2000) studied bright PG quasars, particularly Hβ, finding that
R=32.9(λLλ5100/1044 erg s-1)0.7 lt-days
For the Hβ emitting gas.