Notes
Slide Show
Outline
1
Review Chapters 5-9
  • Chapter 5: Just a few topics
    • Telescope resolution
      • Function of size, wavelength
    • Telescopes in space (why)
    • Telescopes in different parts of the spectrum
2
Review Chapters 5-9
  • Chapter 6: Starlight and Atoms
    • Model Atom, parts, energy levels
    • Emission and Absorption Lines
    • Blackbody Radiation
      • Wien’s Law, Steffan-Boltzmann Law
    • Spectra of Stars
      • Balmer thermometer, spectral types (OBAFGKM)
    • Doppler Effect
3
Review Chapters 5-9
  • Chapter 7: The Sun
    • Atmospheric Structure
      • Temperature, density, etc., with radius
    • Sunspots/Magnetic Phenomena
      • What are they?  Why do they exist?
    • Nuclear Fusion – proton-proton chain
      • What is it?  How does it produce energy?
    • Solar Neutrino “Problem”
      • What is it?  Is it still a problem?
4
Review Chapters 5-9
  • Chapter 7: The Sun – example question
  • Q. The fusion process in the sun, the "proton-proton" chain, requires high temperatures because:
  • c of the ground-state energy of the Hydrogen atom.
  • c of the presence of Helium atoms.
  • c the colliding protons need high energy to overcome the Coulomb barrier.
  • c of the need for low density.
  • c the neutrinos carry more energy away than the reaction produces.
5
Review Chapters 5-9
  • Chapter 8: The Properties of Stars
    • Distances to Stars
      • Parallax and Parsecs
      • Spectroscopic Parallax
    • Intrinsic Brightness: Luminosity
      • Absolute Magnitude
    • Luminosity, Radius, and Temperature
    • Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram
    • Luminosity Classes (e.g., Main Sequence, giant)
    • Masses of Stars
      • Binary Stars and Kepler’s Law
      • Mass-Luminosity Relationship


6
An example:
  • Problem from textbook:
  • mV MV d (pc) P (arcsec)
  • ___ 7 10 _______
  • 11 ___ 1000 _______
  • ___ -2 ____ 0.025
  • 4 ___ ____ 0.040
7
Solution
  • Problem #4:
  • m MV d (pc) P (arcsec)
  • 7 7 10 0.1
  • 11 1 1000 0.001
  • 1 -2 40 0.025
  • 4 2 25 0.040
8
Review Chapters 5-9
  • Chapter 8: Properties of Stars—example question


  • Q. A star’s luminosity depends only on the star’s:
  • c distance and diameter.
  • c temperature and distance.
  • c distance.
  • c temperature and diameter.
  • c apparent magnitude
    • Another version of the question can be made for apparent magnitude .




9
Review Chapters 5-9
  • Chapter 9: Formation and Structure of Stars


  • Interstellar Medium and different sorts of nebulae, reddening
  • Protostars, star formation (on HR diagram)
  • Fusion in stars
    • CNO cycle
    • Heavy element fusion
  • Lifetimes on the main sequence
  • The Orion Nebula as a star-forming region